Cataracts in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Have you noticed your dog’s eyes looking a little cloudy lately? That hazy or bluish tint could be more than just aging—it might be cataracts. At Marketplace Veterinary Hospital, we know how concerning it is to see changes in your pet’s eyes. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cataracts can help you protect your dog’s vision and overall well-being.

What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts occur when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, interfering with your dog’s ability to see. While a slight cloudiness might be normal as pets age—due to a condition called nuclear sclerosis—true cataracts block light from reaching the retina, causing vision impairment or even blindness if untreated.

Common Causes of Cataracts in Dogs

Several factors contribute to cataracts in dogs, including: 

• Age: As dogs grow older, the proteins in the lens can break down and clump, forming cloudy areas.
• Genetics: Some dogs are predisposed to developing cataracts due to inherited genes.
• Congenital Conditions: Some dogs are born with cataracts or develop them as puppies.
• Diabetes: Cataracts often occur suddenly in diabetic dogs due to high blood sugar affecting the lens.
• Eye Trauma or Inflammation: Injury or inflammatory conditions like uveitis can cause cataracts.
• Dietary Deficiencies: A nutritional deficiency, particularly the amino acid tryptophan, can contribute to cataracts.

Breeds at Higher Risk

Unfortunately for certain dog breeds, genetics plays a role in their predisposition to develop cataracts. If you have one of the following breeds, it’s important to discuss their potential risk of cataracts and maintain regular screenings to monitor any vision changes: 

• Cocker Spaniels
• Miniature and Toy Poodles
• Siberian Huskies
• Labrador Retrievers
• Boston Terriers
• Bichon Frisés, Shih Tzus, and Schnauzers

Recognizing the Symptoms

Early signs of cataract formation include:

• Cloudy or bluish appearance in one or both eyes (the first sign)
• Bumping into furniture or reluctance to navigate stairs
• Difficulty seeing in low light
• Excessive blinking or squinting
• Redness or excessive tearing
• Persistent pawing at the eyes
• Behavioral changes due to limited vision

How Cataracts Are Treated

Cataract surgery is the most effective treatment, involving removal of the cloudy lens and placement of an artificial lens. Most dogs recover well and regain usable vision. If surgery isn’t an option, we may recommend medications to manage inflammation and slow progression.

Home Modifications for Vision-Impaired Dogs

If your dog has cataracts, simple home modifications can make a big difference in your pet’s quality of life, including:

• Keep furniture and rugs in the same place to help your dog memorize pathways.
• Keep floors and pathways free from obstacles.
• Use baby gates to block off stairs or dangerous areas.
• Add non-slip rugs to slick floors for better traction.
• Nightlights can help with poorly lit areas, especially hallways.

Partnering in Your Dog’s Eye Health

Whether your dog is a senior, diabetic, or a high-risk breed, our team is here to help. If you notice cloudy eyes or changes in behavior, don’t wait—contact us for an evaluation.